@article{19d9833f4f124b9288d6d9fb8d8504fa,
title = "ROR-γ drives androgen receptor expression and represents a therapeutic target in castration-resistant prostate cancer",
abstract = "The androgen receptor (AR) is overexpressed and hyperactivated in human castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, the determinants of AR overexpression in CRPC are poorly defined. Here we show that retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ (ROR-γ) is overexpressed and amplified in metastatic CRPC tumors, and that ROR-γ drives AR expression in the tumors. ROR-γ recruits nuclear receptor coactivator 1 and 3 (NCOA1 and NCOA3, also known as SRC-1 and SRC-3) to an AR-ROR response element (RORE) to stimulate AR gene transcription. ROR-γ antagonists suppress the expression of both AR and its variant AR-V7 in prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines and tumors. ROR-γ antagonists also markedly diminish genome-wide AR binding, H3K27ac abundance and expression of the AR target gene network. Finally, ROR-γ antagonists suppressed tumor growth in multiple AR-expressing, but not AR-negative, xenograft PCa models, and they effectively sensitized CRPC tumors to enzalutamide, without overt toxicity, in mice. Taken together, these results establish ROR-γ as a key player in CRPC by acting upstream of AR and as a potential therapeutic target for advanced PCa.",
author = "Junjian Wang and Zou, {June X.} and Xiaoqian Xue and Demin Cai and Yan Zhang and Zhijian Duan and Qiuping Xiang and Yang, {Joy C.} and Louie, {Maggie C.} and Borowsky, {Alexander D.} and Gao, {Allen C.} and Evans, {Christopher P.} and Lam, {Kit S.} and Jianzhen Xu and Kung, {Hsing Jien} and Evans, {Ronald M.} and Yong Xu and Chen, {Hong Wu}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank D. Wu, Q. Wang, D. Chen, F. Wu, F. Li, Y. He and J. Shen for their technical expertise and for their critical comments. We thank C. Sawyers and A. van Bokhoven for providing LAPC4 and PC346C cells. This work was supported in part by grants from the Bridge Program of the University of California, Davis, Research Office (to H.-W.C.); the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) (R01CA206222 to H.-W.C.); the US Department of Veterans Affairs; the Office of Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development Service (Merit Award I01BX002237 to H.-W.C.); the 100 Talents Projects of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Natural Science Foundation, the Guangzhou Healthcare Collaborative Innovation Programs and the Key Basic Research Program of China (grant 81373325, grant 20150820225 and 973 program grant 2013CB910601 to Y.X.); the Howard Hughes Medical Institute; the NIH (P30CA014195, DK057978, HL088093 and HL105278 to R.M.E.) and grants from Ipsen Biomeasure and the Samuel Waxman Cancer Research Foundation (to R.M.E.); the NIH (R01CA150197 and R01CA165263 to H.-J. K.); the US Department of Defense (PC111467 to C.P.E.) and a Stand Up To Cancer-Prostate Cancer Foundation - Prostate Dream Team Translational Cancer Research Grant. This research grant is made possible by the generous support of the Movember Foundation. Stand Up To Cancer is a program of the Entertainment Industry Foundation administered by the American Association for Cancer Research (SU2C-AACR-PCF DT0812 to C.P.E.) and the NIH (R01CA168601 to A.C.G.). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.",
year = "2016",
month = may,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1038/nm.4070",
language = "English",
volume = "22",
pages = "488--496",
journal = "Nature Medicine",
issn = "1078-8956",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "5",
}
