TY - JOUR
T1 - Red Clover Isoflavones Influence Estradiol Concentration, Exercise Performance, and Gut Microbiota in Female Mice
AU - Chen, Yi Ming
AU - Wang, I. Lin
AU - Zhu, Xin Yi
AU - Chiu, Wan Chun
AU - Chiu, Yen Shuo
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by Hubei province education department science and technology research program (grant number D20202502), and materials were partly provided by Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (grant number MOST 109-2410-H-038-015 to Y-SC).
Funding Information:
The authors were grateful to Chien-Chao Chiu for his technical assistance in histopathological examination. We also thank Shanghai Personal Biotechnology Co., Ltd., for kindly providing the gut microbiota technology. This manuscript was edited by Wallace Academic Editing. Funding. This research was supported by Hubei province education department science and technology research program (grant number D20202502), and materials were partly provided by Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (grant number MOST 109-2410-H-038-015 to Y-SC).
Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright © 2021 Chen, Wang, Zhu, Chiu and Chiu.
PY - 2021/4/14
Y1 - 2021/4/14
N2 - In red clover (Trifolium pratense L.; RC) the main compound is isoflavones, which are selective estrogen receptor modulators for maintaining female health. Isoflavones exert antifatigue effects during exercise in high-temperature environments. This study aimed to investigate the effect of RC supplementation on gut microbiota composition to determine whether it improves intestinal barrier function and exercise performance. Female ICR mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) and orally administered RC once daily for 6 weeks at 0 (vehicle), 308 (RC-1X), 615 (RC-2X), and 1,538 (RC-5X) mg/kg. RC supplementation decreased the fat mass and increased exhaustive swimming time, grip strength, and muscle glycogen in female mice. In the RC supplementation group, serum levels of lactate, ammonia, and creatine kinase decreased after swimming. The estradiol and progesterone levels were higher in the RC group than in the vehicle group. Regarding gut microbiota composition, the RC-2X group may increase intestinal health related to the microorganisms Pseudobutyrivibrio and Parabacteroide. Thus, the use of RC supplements as nutraceuticals could have positive effects on athletes' gut and overall health.
AB - In red clover (Trifolium pratense L.; RC) the main compound is isoflavones, which are selective estrogen receptor modulators for maintaining female health. Isoflavones exert antifatigue effects during exercise in high-temperature environments. This study aimed to investigate the effect of RC supplementation on gut microbiota composition to determine whether it improves intestinal barrier function and exercise performance. Female ICR mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) and orally administered RC once daily for 6 weeks at 0 (vehicle), 308 (RC-1X), 615 (RC-2X), and 1,538 (RC-5X) mg/kg. RC supplementation decreased the fat mass and increased exhaustive swimming time, grip strength, and muscle glycogen in female mice. In the RC supplementation group, serum levels of lactate, ammonia, and creatine kinase decreased after swimming. The estradiol and progesterone levels were higher in the RC group than in the vehicle group. Regarding gut microbiota composition, the RC-2X group may increase intestinal health related to the microorganisms Pseudobutyrivibrio and Parabacteroide. Thus, the use of RC supplements as nutraceuticals could have positive effects on athletes' gut and overall health.
KW - estrogen
KW - gut microbiota composition
KW - intestinal health
KW - isoflavone
KW - red clover
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85104993106&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85104993106&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fnut.2021.623698
DO - 10.3389/fnut.2021.623698
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85104993106
SN - 2296-861X
VL - 8
JO - Frontiers in Nutrition
JF - Frontiers in Nutrition
M1 - 623698
ER -
