Effect of oxide film containing fluorine ion on enhancing the initial osseointegration of titanium-based alloy

The effects of nano-γ-TiH phase on formation of nanoporous titanium oxide by anodization with HF pretreatment have been investigated by optical microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thin film x-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy. Furthermore, nanostructural titanium oxide was formed after anodization under various current densities. The γ-TiH is formed by HF pretreatments before anodization. The nano-γ-TiH phase is directly dissolved after anodization. Furthermore, the nanoporous Ti formed by dissolution of nano-titanium hydrides was changed to nanoporous TiO2. The nano-γ-TiH phase plays an important role in forming nanoporous TiO2. The anodization with HF pretreatment not only produces titanium hydride layer, but also results in formation of nanostructural titanium oxide. The bioactive nanoporous titanium oxide film presented in the present study is believed to result in enhancing cell differentiation, thereby providing stable fixation to bone and rapid osseointegration.