@article{d9f6dfb6283d4a46bff5c33d7ecda21c,
title = "Breadth and function of antibody response to acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans",
abstract = "Serological and plasmablast responses and plasmablast-derived IgG monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been analysed in three COVID-19 patients with different clinical severities. Potent humoral responses were detected within 3 weeks of onset of illness in all patients and the serological titre was elicited soon after or concomitantly with peripheral plasmablast response. An average of 13.7% and 13.0% of plasmablast-derived MAbs were reactive with virus spike glycoprotein or nucleocapsid, respectively. A subset of anti-spike (10 of 32) and over half of anti-nucleocapsid (19 of 35) antibodies cross-reacted with other betacoronaviruses tested and harboured extensive somatic mutations, indicative of an expansion of memory B cells upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. Fourteen of 32 anti-spike MAbs, including five anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD), three anti-non-RBD S1 and six anti-S2, neutralised wild-type SARS-CoV-2 in independent assays. Anti-RBD MAbs were further grouped into four cross-inhibiting clusters, of which six antibodies from three separate clusters blocked the binding of RBD to ACE2 and five were neutralising. All ACE2-blocking anti-RBD antibodies were isolated from two recovered patients with prolonged fever, which is compatible with substantial ACE2-blocking response in their sera. At last, the identification of non-competing pairs of neutralising antibodies would offer potential templates for the development of prophylactic and therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2.",
author = "Huang, {Kuan Ying A.} and Tan, {Tiong Kit} and Chen, {Ting Hua} and Huang, {Chung Guei} and Ruth Harvey and Saira Hussain and Chen, {Cheng Pin} and Adam Harding and Javier Gilbert-Jaramillo and Xu Liu and Michael Knight and Lisa Schimanski and Shih, {Shin Ru} and Lin, {Yi Chun} and Cheng, {Chien Yu} and Cheng, {Shu Hsing} and Huang, {Yhu Chering} and Lin, {Tzou Yien} and Jan, {Jia Tsrong} and Che Ma and William James and Daniels, {Rodney S.} and McCauley, {John W.} and Pramila Rijal and Townsend, {Alain R.}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was mainly supported by the grant from Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (BMRPE22) to KYAH. This work was partially supported by the Fast Grant (BRD00230-CF01) to ART, the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Innovation Fund for Medical Science (CIFMS), China (2018-I2M-2-002) to TKT, PR, LS and ART, the EPA Cephalosporin Fund and The Townsend?Jeantet Charitable Trust (charity no. 1011770) to TKT, Cancer Research UK (FC001030), the Medical Research Council (FC001030) and the Wellcome Trust (FC001030) to JWM, and the University of Oxford?s COVID-19 Research Response Fund to ART. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Huang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.",
year = "2021",
month = feb,
day = "26",
doi = "10.1371/JOURNAL.PPAT.1009352",
language = "English",
volume = "17",
journal = "PLoS Pathogens",
issn = "1553-7366",
publisher = "Public Library of Science",
number = "2",
}