How is our self altered in psychiatric disorders? A neurophenomenal approach to psychopathological symptoms

G. Northoff

doi:10.1159/000363351

How is our self altered in psychiatric disorders? A neurophenomenal approach to psychopathological symptoms

G. Northoff

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

26 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The self is central in our experience and has often been assumed to be necessary for any kind of consciousness in philosophy. Recent investigations in neuroscience demonstrate a particular set of regions such as the cortical midline regions to be associated with the processing of stimuli specifically related to the self as distinguished from those remaining unrelated to the self. Furthermore, findings show a close overlap between self-related activity and high levels of resting state activity in especially anterior midline regions. Interestingly, recent findings in psychiatric disorders such as depression and schizophrenia show resting state abnormalities in exactly these regions, that is in the cortical midline structures. Based on phenomenal and neural observations, I here suggest a neurophenomenal approach that directly links neuronal and phenomenal features (without sandwiching cognitive or sensorimotor functions) to psychopathological symptoms of self in depression and schizophrenia. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	365-376
Number of pages	12
Journal	Psychopathology
Volume	47
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1159/000363351
Publication status	Published - 2014
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Consciousness
Cortical midline region
Stimulus processing
adult
brain cortex
consciousness
depression
human
major depression
male
mental disease
pathology
pathophysiology
psychology
schizophrenia
self concept
Adult
Cerebral Cortex
Depression
Depressive Disorder, Major
Humans
Male
Psychopathology
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenic Psychology
Self Concept

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Northoff, G. (2014). How is our self altered in psychiatric disorders? A neurophenomenal approach to psychopathological symptoms. Psychopathology, 47(6), 365-376. https://doi.org/10.1159/000363351

@article{eb80f8b39c5742eeb4cc0a0e1056a12b,

title = "How is our self altered in psychiatric disorders? A neurophenomenal approach to psychopathological symptoms",

abstract = "The self is central in our experience and has often been assumed to be necessary for any kind of consciousness in philosophy. Recent investigations in neuroscience demonstrate a particular set of regions such as the cortical midline regions to be associated with the processing of stimuli specifically related to the self as distinguished from those remaining unrelated to the self. Furthermore, findings show a close overlap between self-related activity and high levels of resting state activity in especially anterior midline regions. Interestingly, recent findings in psychiatric disorders such as depression and schizophrenia show resting state abnormalities in exactly these regions, that is in the cortical midline structures. Based on phenomenal and neural observations, I here suggest a neurophenomenal approach that directly links neuronal and phenomenal features (without sandwiching cognitive or sensorimotor functions) to psychopathological symptoms of self in depression and schizophrenia. {\textcopyright} 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.",

keywords = "Consciousness, Cortical midline region, Stimulus processing, adult, brain cortex, consciousness, depression, human, major depression, male, mental disease, pathology, pathophysiology, psychology, schizophrenia, self concept, Adult, Cerebral Cortex, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Major, Humans, Male, Psychopathology, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Self Concept",

author = "G. Northoff",

note = "Cited By :1 Export Date: 11 May 2016 CODEN: PSYHE Correspondence Address: Northoff, G.; Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Research Unit, Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, 1145 Carling Avenue, Canada References: Northoff, G., Gene, brains, and environmentgenetic neuroimaging of depression (2013) Curr Opin Neurobiol, 23, pp. 133-142; Northoff, G., What the brains intrinsic activity can tell us about consciousness a tri-dimensional view (2013) Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 37, pp. 726-738; Northoff, G., Self and brain: What is self-related processing? (2011) Trends Cogn Sci, 15, pp. 186-187; Northoff, G., (2014) Unlocking the Brain i, , Coding Oxford, Oxford University Press; Northoff, G., (2014) Unlocking the Brain II, , Consciousness Oxford, Oxford University Press; De Greck, M., Enzi, B., Prosch, U., Gantman, A., Tempelmann, C., Northoff, G., Decreased neuronal activity in reward circuitry of pathological gamblers during processing of personal relevant stimuli (2010) Hum Brain Mapp, 31, pp. 1802-1812; De Greck, M., Supady, A., Thiemann, R., Tempelmann, C., Bogerts, B., Forschner, L., Ploetz, K.V., Northoff, G., Decreased neural activity in reward circuitry during personal reference in abstinent alcoholics - An fmri study (2009) Hum Brain Mapp, 30, pp. 1691-1704; Doering, S., Burgmer, M., Heuft, G., Menke, D., Baumer, B., Lubking, M., Feldmann, M., Schneider, G., Assessment of personality functioning: Validity of the operationalized psychodynamic diagnosis axis iv (structure (2014) Psychopathology, 47, pp. 185-193; Northoff, G., Heinzel, A., De Greck, M., Bermpohl, F., Dobrowolny, H., Panksepp, J., Self-referential processing in our brain - A meta-Analysis of imaging studies on the self (2006) Neuroimage, 31, pp. 440-457; Christoff, K., Cosmelli, D., Legrand, D., Thompson, E., Specifying the self for cognitive neuroscience (2011) Trends Cogn Sci, 15, pp. 104-112; Gillihan, S.J., Farah, M.J., Is self special? A critical review of evidence from experimental psychology and cognitive neuroscience (2005) Psychol Bull, 131, pp. 76-97; Legrand, D., Ruby, P., What is self-specific? Theoretical investigation and critical review of neuroimaging results (2009) Psychol Rev, 116, pp. 252-282; Northoff, G., Wiebking, C., Feinberg, T., Panksepp, J., The resting-state hypo thesis of major depressive disorder - A translational subcortical-cortical framework for a system disorder (2011) Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 35, pp. 1929-1945; Feinberg, T.E., (2009) From Axons to Identity Neurological Explorations of the Nature of the Self, , Norton Series on Interpersonal Neurobiology) New York Norton & Co; Feinberg, T.E., Neuropathologies of the self clinical and anatomical features (2011) Conscious Cogn, 20, pp. 75-81; Feinberg, T.E., Venneri, A., Simone, A.M., Fan, Y., Northoff, G., The neuroanatomy of asomatognosia and somatoparaphrenia (2010) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 81, pp. 276-281; Hasler, G., Northoff, G., Discovering imaging endophenotypes for major depression (2011) Mol Psychiatry, 16, pp. 604-619; Kuhn, S., Gallinat, J., Resting-state brain activity in schizophrenia and major depression a quantitative meta-Analysis (2013) Schizophr Bull, 39, pp. 358-365; Northoff, G., (2004) Philosophy of the brain, , Amsterdam John Benjamins Publishers; Treynor, W., Gonzalez, R., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Rumination reconsidered a psychometric analysis (2003) Cogn Ther Res, 27, pp. 247-259; Northoff, G., Psychopathology and pathophysiology of the self in depression - Neuropsychiatric hypothesis (2007) J Affect Disord, 104, pp. 1-14; Ingram, R.E., Self-focused attention in clinical disorders: Review and a conceptual model (1990) Psychol Bull, 107, pp. 156-176; Wiebking, C., Bauer, A., De Greck, M., Duncan, N.W., Tempelmann, C., Northoff, G., Abnormal body perception and neural activity in the insula in depression an fmri study of the depressed material me (2010) World J Biol Psychiatry, 11, pp. 538-549; Grunebaum, M.F., Keilp, J., Li, S., Ellis, S.P., Burke, A.K., Oquendo, M.A., Mann, J.J., Symptom components of standard depression scales and past suicidal behavior (2005) J Affect Disord, 87, pp. 73-82; Alcaro, A., Panksepp, J., Witczak, J., Hayes, D.J., Northoff, G., Is subcortical-cortical midline activity in depression mediated by glutamate and GABA? A cross-species translational approach (2010) Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 34, pp. 592-605; Mayberg, H., Depression ii localization of pathophysiology (2002) Am J Psychiatry, 159, p. 1979; Mayberg, H.S., Modulating dysfunctional limbic-cortical circuits in depression: Towards development of brain-based algorithms for diagnosis and optimised treatment (2003) Br Med Bull, 65, pp. 193-207; Mayberg, H.S., Targeted electrode-based modulation of neural circuits for depression (2009) J Clin Invest, 119, pp. 717-725; Phillips, M.L., Drevets, W.C., Rauch, S.L., Lane, R., Neurobiology of emotion perception ii implications for major psychiatric disorders (2003) Biol Psychiatry, 54, pp. 515-528; Price, J.L., Drevets, W.C., Neurocircuitry of mood disorders (2010) Neuropsychopharmacology, 35, pp. 192-216; Fitzgerald, P.B., Oxley, T.J., Laird, A.R., Kulkarni, J., Egan, G.F., Daskalakis, Z.J., An analysis of functional neuroimaging studies of dorsolateral prefrontal cortical activity in depression (2006) Psychiatry Res, 148, pp. 33-45; Savitz, J., Drevets, W.C., Bipolar and major depressive disorder: Neuroimaging the developmental-degenerative divide (2009) Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 33, pp. 699-771; Savitz, J.B., Drevets, W.C., Imaging phenotypes of major depressive disorder: Genetic correlates (2009) Neuroscience, 164, pp. 300-330; Phillips, M.L., Understanding the neurobiology of emotion perception implications for psychiatry (2003) Br J Psychiatry, 182, pp. 190-192; Lemogne, C., Delaveau, P., Freton, M., Guionnet, S., Fossati, P., Medial prefrontal cortex and the self in major depression (2012) J Affect Disord, 136, pp. e1-e11; Grimm, S., Ernst, J., Boesiger, P., Schuepbach, D., Boeker, H., Northoff, G., Reduced negative bold responses in the default-mode network and increased self-focus in depression (2011) World J Biol Psychiatry, 12, pp. 627-637; Grimm, S., Ernst, J., Boesiger, P., Schuepbach, D., Hell, D., Boeker, H., Northoff, G., Increased selffocus in major depressive disorder is related to neural abnormalities in subcortical-cortical midline structures (2009) Hum Brain Mapp, 30, pp. 2617-2627; Lemogne, C., Bergouignan, L., Piolino, P., Jouvent, R., Allilaire, J.F., Fossati, P., Cognitive avoidance of intrusive memories and autobiographical memory: Specificity, autonoetic consciousness, and self-perspective (2009) Memory, 17, pp. 1-7; Lemogne, C., Le Bastard, G., Mayberg, H., Volle, E., Bergouignan, L., Lehericy, S., Allilaire, J.F., Fossati, P., In search of the depressive self: Extended medial prefrontal network during self-referential processing in major depression (2009) Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci, 4, pp. 305-312; Lemogne, C., Mayberg, H., Bergouignan, L., Volle, E., Delaveau, P., Lehericy, S., Allilaire, J.F., Fossati, P., Self-referential processing and the prefrontal cortex over the course of depression a pilot study (2010) J Affect Disord, 124, pp. 196-201; Kraepelin, E., (1913) Ein Lehrbuch f{\"u}r Studierende und {\"A}rzte, , Leipzig Barth; Bleuler, E., Dementia praecox or the group of schizophrenias (in spanish (2010) Vertex, 21, pp. 394-400; Berze, J., (1914) Die Prim{\"a}re Insuffizienz der Psychischen Aktivit{\"a}, , Leipzig Deuticke; Jaspers, K., (1964) General Psychopathology, , Chicago University of Chicago Press; Parnas, J., Self and schizophrenia a phenomenological perspective (2003) The Self in Neuroscience and Psychiatry, pp. 217-241. , in Kircher T, David AS (eds CAMbridge, Cambridge University Press; Parnas, J., Vianin, P., Saebye, D., Jansson, L., Volmer-Larsen, A., Bovet, P., Visual binding abilities in the initial and advanced stages of schizophrenia (2001) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 103, pp. 171-180; Sass, L.A., Parnas, J., Schizophrenia, consciousness, and the self (2003) Schizophr Bull, 29, pp. 427-444; Whitfield-Gabrieli, S., Thermenos, H.W., Milanovic, S., Tsuang, M.T., Faraone, S.V., McCarley, R.W., Shenton, M.E., Seidman, L.J., Hyperactivity and hyperconnectivity of the default network in schizophrenia and in first-degree relatives of persons with schizophrenia (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 106, pp. 1279-1284; Pomarol-Clotet, E., Salvador, R., Sarro, S., Gomar, J., Vila, F., Martinez, A., Guerrero, A., McKenna, P.J., Failure to deactivate in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia: Dysfunction of the default mode network? (2008) Psychol Med, 38, pp. 1185-1193; Mannell, M.V., Franco, A.R., Calhoun, V.D., Canive, J.M., Thoma, R.J., Mayer, A.R., Resting state and task-induced deactivation a methodological comparison in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls (2010) Hum Brain Mapp, 31, pp. 424-437; Calhoun, V.D., MacIejewski, P.K., Pearlson, G.D., Kiehl, K.A., Temporal lobe and default hemodynamic brain modes discriminate between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (2008) Hum Brain Mapp, 29, pp. 1265-1275; Jafri, M.J., Pearlson, G.D., Stevens, M., Calhoun, V.D., A method for functional network connectivity among spatially independent resting-state components in schizophrenia (2008) Neuroimage, 39, pp. 1666-1681; Park, I.G., Kim, J.J., Chun, J., Jung, Y.C., Seok, J.H., Park, H.J., Lee, J.D., Medial prefrontal defaultmode hypoactivity affecting trait physical anhedonia in schizophrenia (2009) Psychiatr Res, pp. 155-165; Williamson, P., Are anticorrelated networks in the brain relevant to schizophrenia? (2007) Schizophr Bull, 33, pp. 994-1003; Hoptman, M.J., Zuo, X.N., Butler, P.D., Javitt, D.C., Dangelo, D., Mauro, C.J., Milham, M.P., Amplitude of low-frequency oscillations in schizophrenia a resting state fmri study (2010) Schizophr Res, 117, pp. 13-20; Rotarska-Jagiela, A., Van De Ven, V., Oertel-Kn{\"o}chel, V., Uhlhaas, P.J., Vogeley, K., Linden, D.E., Resting-state functional network correlates of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia (2010) Schizophr Res, 117, pp. 21-30; Holt, D.J., Cassidy, B.S., Andrews-Hanna, J.R., Lee, S.M., Coombs, G., Goff, D.C., Gabrieli, J.D., Moran, J.M., An anterior-To-posterior shift in midline cortical activity in schizophrenia during selfreflection (2011) Biol Psychiatry, 69, pp. 415-423; Taylor, S.F., Welsh, R.C., Chen, A.C., Velander, A.J., Liberzon, I., Medial frontal hyperactivity in reality distortion (2007) Biol Psychiatry, 61, pp. 1171-1178",

year = "2014",

doi = "10.1159/000363351",

language = "English",

volume = "47",

pages = "365--376",

journal = "Psychopathology",

issn = "0254-4962",

publisher = "S. Karger AG",

number = "6",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - How is our self altered in psychiatric disorders? A neurophenomenal approach to psychopathological symptoms

AU - Northoff, G.

N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 11 May 2016 CODEN: PSYHE Correspondence Address: Northoff, G.; Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Research Unit, Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, 1145 Carling Avenue, Canada References: Northoff, G., Gene, brains, and environmentgenetic neuroimaging of depression (2013) Curr Opin Neurobiol, 23, pp. 133-142; Northoff, G., What the brains intrinsic activity can tell us about consciousness a tri-dimensional view (2013) Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 37, pp. 726-738; Northoff, G., Self and brain: What is self-related processing? (2011) Trends Cogn Sci, 15, pp. 186-187; Northoff, G., (2014) Unlocking the Brain i, , Coding Oxford, Oxford University Press; Northoff, G., (2014) Unlocking the Brain II, , Consciousness Oxford, Oxford University Press; De Greck, M., Enzi, B., Prosch, U., Gantman, A., Tempelmann, C., Northoff, G., Decreased neuronal activity in reward circuitry of pathological gamblers during processing of personal relevant stimuli (2010) Hum Brain Mapp, 31, pp. 1802-1812; De Greck, M., Supady, A., Thiemann, R., Tempelmann, C., Bogerts, B., Forschner, L., Ploetz, K.V., Northoff, G., Decreased neural activity in reward circuitry during personal reference in abstinent alcoholics - An fmri study (2009) Hum Brain Mapp, 30, pp. 1691-1704; Doering, S., Burgmer, M., Heuft, G., Menke, D., Baumer, B., Lubking, M., Feldmann, M., Schneider, G., Assessment of personality functioning: Validity of the operationalized psychodynamic diagnosis axis iv (structure (2014) Psychopathology, 47, pp. 185-193; Northoff, G., Heinzel, A., De Greck, M., Bermpohl, F., Dobrowolny, H., Panksepp, J., Self-referential processing in our brain - A meta-Analysis of imaging studies on the self (2006) Neuroimage, 31, pp. 440-457; Christoff, K., Cosmelli, D., Legrand, D., Thompson, E., Specifying the self for cognitive neuroscience (2011) Trends Cogn Sci, 15, pp. 104-112; Gillihan, S.J., Farah, M.J., Is self special? A critical review of evidence from experimental psychology and cognitive neuroscience (2005) Psychol Bull, 131, pp. 76-97; Legrand, D., Ruby, P., What is self-specific? Theoretical investigation and critical review of neuroimaging results (2009) Psychol Rev, 116, pp. 252-282; Northoff, G., Wiebking, C., Feinberg, T., Panksepp, J., The resting-state hypo thesis of major depressive disorder - A translational subcortical-cortical framework for a system disorder (2011) Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 35, pp. 1929-1945; Feinberg, T.E., (2009) From Axons to Identity Neurological Explorations of the Nature of the Self, , Norton Series on Interpersonal Neurobiology) New York Norton & Co; Feinberg, T.E., Neuropathologies of the self clinical and anatomical features (2011) Conscious Cogn, 20, pp. 75-81; Feinberg, T.E., Venneri, A., Simone, A.M., Fan, Y., Northoff, G., The neuroanatomy of asomatognosia and somatoparaphrenia (2010) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 81, pp. 276-281; Hasler, G., Northoff, G., Discovering imaging endophenotypes for major depression (2011) Mol Psychiatry, 16, pp. 604-619; Kuhn, S., Gallinat, J., Resting-state brain activity in schizophrenia and major depression a quantitative meta-Analysis (2013) Schizophr Bull, 39, pp. 358-365; Northoff, G., (2004) Philosophy of the brain, , Amsterdam John Benjamins Publishers; Treynor, W., Gonzalez, R., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Rumination reconsidered a psychometric analysis (2003) Cogn Ther Res, 27, pp. 247-259; Northoff, G., Psychopathology and pathophysiology of the self in depression - Neuropsychiatric hypothesis (2007) J Affect Disord, 104, pp. 1-14; Ingram, R.E., Self-focused attention in clinical disorders: Review and a conceptual model (1990) Psychol Bull, 107, pp. 156-176; Wiebking, C., Bauer, A., De Greck, M., Duncan, N.W., Tempelmann, C., Northoff, G., Abnormal body perception and neural activity in the insula in depression an fmri study of the depressed material me (2010) World J Biol Psychiatry, 11, pp. 538-549; Grunebaum, M.F., Keilp, J., Li, S., Ellis, S.P., Burke, A.K., Oquendo, M.A., Mann, J.J., Symptom components of standard depression scales and past suicidal behavior (2005) J Affect Disord, 87, pp. 73-82; Alcaro, A., Panksepp, J., Witczak, J., Hayes, D.J., Northoff, G., Is subcortical-cortical midline activity in depression mediated by glutamate and GABA? A cross-species translational approach (2010) Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 34, pp. 592-605; Mayberg, H., Depression ii localization of pathophysiology (2002) Am J Psychiatry, 159, p. 1979; Mayberg, H.S., Modulating dysfunctional limbic-cortical circuits in depression: Towards development of brain-based algorithms for diagnosis and optimised treatment (2003) Br Med Bull, 65, pp. 193-207; Mayberg, H.S., Targeted electrode-based modulation of neural circuits for depression (2009) J Clin Invest, 119, pp. 717-725; Phillips, M.L., Drevets, W.C., Rauch, S.L., Lane, R., Neurobiology of emotion perception ii implications for major psychiatric disorders (2003) Biol Psychiatry, 54, pp. 515-528; Price, J.L., Drevets, W.C., Neurocircuitry of mood disorders (2010) Neuropsychopharmacology, 35, pp. 192-216; Fitzgerald, P.B., Oxley, T.J., Laird, A.R., Kulkarni, J., Egan, G.F., Daskalakis, Z.J., An analysis of functional neuroimaging studies of dorsolateral prefrontal cortical activity in depression (2006) Psychiatry Res, 148, pp. 33-45; Savitz, J., Drevets, W.C., Bipolar and major depressive disorder: Neuroimaging the developmental-degenerative divide (2009) Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 33, pp. 699-771; Savitz, J.B., Drevets, W.C., Imaging phenotypes of major depressive disorder: Genetic correlates (2009) Neuroscience, 164, pp. 300-330; Phillips, M.L., Understanding the neurobiology of emotion perception implications for psychiatry (2003) Br J Psychiatry, 182, pp. 190-192; Lemogne, C., Delaveau, P., Freton, M., Guionnet, S., Fossati, P., Medial prefrontal cortex and the self in major depression (2012) J Affect Disord, 136, pp. e1-e11; Grimm, S., Ernst, J., Boesiger, P., Schuepbach, D., Boeker, H., Northoff, G., Reduced negative bold responses in the default-mode network and increased self-focus in depression (2011) World J Biol Psychiatry, 12, pp. 627-637; Grimm, S., Ernst, J., Boesiger, P., Schuepbach, D., Hell, D., Boeker, H., Northoff, G., Increased selffocus in major depressive disorder is related to neural abnormalities in subcortical-cortical midline structures (2009) Hum Brain Mapp, 30, pp. 2617-2627; Lemogne, C., Bergouignan, L., Piolino, P., Jouvent, R., Allilaire, J.F., Fossati, P., Cognitive avoidance of intrusive memories and autobiographical memory: Specificity, autonoetic consciousness, and self-perspective (2009) Memory, 17, pp. 1-7; Lemogne, C., Le Bastard, G., Mayberg, H., Volle, E., Bergouignan, L., Lehericy, S., Allilaire, J.F., Fossati, P., In search of the depressive self: Extended medial prefrontal network during self-referential processing in major depression (2009) Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci, 4, pp. 305-312; Lemogne, C., Mayberg, H., Bergouignan, L., Volle, E., Delaveau, P., Lehericy, S., Allilaire, J.F., Fossati, P., Self-referential processing and the prefrontal cortex over the course of depression a pilot study (2010) J Affect Disord, 124, pp. 196-201; Kraepelin, E., (1913) Ein Lehrbuch für Studierende und Ärzte, , Leipzig Barth; Bleuler, E., Dementia praecox or the group of schizophrenias (in spanish (2010) Vertex, 21, pp. 394-400; Berze, J., (1914) Die Primäre Insuffizienz der Psychischen Aktivitä, , Leipzig Deuticke; Jaspers, K., (1964) General Psychopathology, , Chicago University of Chicago Press; Parnas, J., Self and schizophrenia a phenomenological perspective (2003) The Self in Neuroscience and Psychiatry, pp. 217-241. , in Kircher T, David AS (eds CAMbridge, Cambridge University Press; Parnas, J., Vianin, P., Saebye, D., Jansson, L., Volmer-Larsen, A., Bovet, P., Visual binding abilities in the initial and advanced stages of schizophrenia (2001) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 103, pp. 171-180; Sass, L.A., Parnas, J., Schizophrenia, consciousness, and the self (2003) Schizophr Bull, 29, pp. 427-444; Whitfield-Gabrieli, S., Thermenos, H.W., Milanovic, S., Tsuang, M.T., Faraone, S.V., McCarley, R.W., Shenton, M.E., Seidman, L.J., Hyperactivity and hyperconnectivity of the default network in schizophrenia and in first-degree relatives of persons with schizophrenia (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 106, pp. 1279-1284; Pomarol-Clotet, E., Salvador, R., Sarro, S., Gomar, J., Vila, F., Martinez, A., Guerrero, A., McKenna, P.J., Failure to deactivate in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia: Dysfunction of the default mode network? (2008) Psychol Med, 38, pp. 1185-1193; Mannell, M.V., Franco, A.R., Calhoun, V.D., Canive, J.M., Thoma, R.J., Mayer, A.R., Resting state and task-induced deactivation a methodological comparison in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls (2010) Hum Brain Mapp, 31, pp. 424-437; Calhoun, V.D., MacIejewski, P.K., Pearlson, G.D., Kiehl, K.A., Temporal lobe and default hemodynamic brain modes discriminate between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (2008) Hum Brain Mapp, 29, pp. 1265-1275; Jafri, M.J., Pearlson, G.D., Stevens, M., Calhoun, V.D., A method for functional network connectivity among spatially independent resting-state components in schizophrenia (2008) Neuroimage, 39, pp. 1666-1681; Park, I.G., Kim, J.J., Chun, J., Jung, Y.C., Seok, J.H., Park, H.J., Lee, J.D., Medial prefrontal defaultmode hypoactivity affecting trait physical anhedonia in schizophrenia (2009) Psychiatr Res, pp. 155-165; Williamson, P., Are anticorrelated networks in the brain relevant to schizophrenia? (2007) Schizophr Bull, 33, pp. 994-1003; Hoptman, M.J., Zuo, X.N., Butler, P.D., Javitt, D.C., Dangelo, D., Mauro, C.J., Milham, M.P., Amplitude of low-frequency oscillations in schizophrenia a resting state fmri study (2010) Schizophr Res, 117, pp. 13-20; Rotarska-Jagiela, A., Van De Ven, V., Oertel-Knöchel, V., Uhlhaas, P.J., Vogeley, K., Linden, D.E., Resting-state functional network correlates of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia (2010) Schizophr Res, 117, pp. 21-30; Holt, D.J., Cassidy, B.S., Andrews-Hanna, J.R., Lee, S.M., Coombs, G., Goff, D.C., Gabrieli, J.D., Moran, J.M., An anterior-To-posterior shift in midline cortical activity in schizophrenia during selfreflection (2011) Biol Psychiatry, 69, pp. 415-423; Taylor, S.F., Welsh, R.C., Chen, A.C., Velander, A.J., Liberzon, I., Medial frontal hyperactivity in reality distortion (2007) Biol Psychiatry, 61, pp. 1171-1178

PY - 2014

Y1 - 2014

N2 - The self is central in our experience and has often been assumed to be necessary for any kind of consciousness in philosophy. Recent investigations in neuroscience demonstrate a particular set of regions such as the cortical midline regions to be associated with the processing of stimuli specifically related to the self as distinguished from those remaining unrelated to the self. Furthermore, findings show a close overlap between self-related activity and high levels of resting state activity in especially anterior midline regions. Interestingly, recent findings in psychiatric disorders such as depression and schizophrenia show resting state abnormalities in exactly these regions, that is in the cortical midline structures. Based on phenomenal and neural observations, I here suggest a neurophenomenal approach that directly links neuronal and phenomenal features (without sandwiching cognitive or sensorimotor functions) to psychopathological symptoms of self in depression and schizophrenia. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

AB - The self is central in our experience and has often been assumed to be necessary for any kind of consciousness in philosophy. Recent investigations in neuroscience demonstrate a particular set of regions such as the cortical midline regions to be associated with the processing of stimuli specifically related to the self as distinguished from those remaining unrelated to the self. Furthermore, findings show a close overlap between self-related activity and high levels of resting state activity in especially anterior midline regions. Interestingly, recent findings in psychiatric disorders such as depression and schizophrenia show resting state abnormalities in exactly these regions, that is in the cortical midline structures. Based on phenomenal and neural observations, I here suggest a neurophenomenal approach that directly links neuronal and phenomenal features (without sandwiching cognitive or sensorimotor functions) to psychopathological symptoms of self in depression and schizophrenia. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

KW - Consciousness

KW - Cortical midline region

KW - Stimulus processing

KW - adult

KW - brain cortex

KW - consciousness

KW - depression

KW - human

KW - major depression

KW - male

KW - mental disease

KW - pathology

KW - pathophysiology

KW - psychology

KW - schizophrenia

KW - self concept

KW - Adult

KW - Cerebral Cortex

KW - Depression

KW - Depressive Disorder, Major

KW - Humans

KW - Male

KW - Psychopathology

KW - Schizophrenia

KW - Schizophrenic Psychology

KW - Self Concept

U2 - 10.1159/000363351

DO - 10.1159/000363351

M3 - Article

C2 - 25300727

VL - 47

SP - 365

EP - 376

JO - Psychopathology

JF - Psychopathology

SN - 0254-4962

IS - 6

ER -