職場工作者身心狀況與健康促進需求評估的年齡層差異－以某住宿餐飲業為例

Workplace health promotion (WHP) has been shown to prevent occupational disease and workplace injury as well as increase health productivity; however, WHP needs among workers may vary significantly by age. Therefore, this study examines age differences in WHP need to provide empirical evidence for policy related to the aging workforce in Taiwan. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted of employees in a company in the accommodation and catering industry in Taipei from June to October 2012. The survey yielded 310 effective questionnaires from employees aged from 20 to 65 (return rate 90%). Participants were asked to provide information regarding demographic/work background, physical/mental health conditions and lifestyle behaviors, occupational injury and burnout occurrence, workplace stressors, and stress-related presenteeism. In addition, four employees and supervisors were invited to participate in in-depth interviews. Results showed that compared with younger workers, seniors reported a higher percentage of cardiovascular discomfort but more positive health behaviors such as less smoking, more regular exercise, and healthy dietary habits. Younger workers experienced more occupational injuries, burnout and mental disturbance, but better adaptability to new information systems or technology importation. After adjustment for gender and employment grades, the above patterns remained similar. Results from the qualitative interviews showed that the design of WHP programs should be tailored to the needs of the respective individuals. This study suggests that elder workers need to make appropriate work arrangements to control or improve physical symptoms, and that management strategies to tackle elder workers' difficulties with learning computer applications are also needed. On the contrary, younger workers need more assistance and guidance to maintain positive lifestyles. This study has practical implications for management and WHP practitioners.