1-Arylsulfonyl-5-(N-hydroxyacrylamide)indolines Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Are Potent Cytokine Release Suppressors

A series of 1-arylsulfonyl-5-(N-hydroxyacrylamide)indolines (7-15) has been developed; the compounds exhibited potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory activities. Notably, almost all of this series exhibited better HDAC-inhibitory and antiproliferative activities than 3-(1-benzenesulfonyl-1H-indol-5-yl)-N-hydroxyacrylamide (6), as reported in a previous study. Among these compounds, 3-[1-(4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-5-yl]-N-hydroxyacrylamide (9) showed a two- to tenfold increase in activity compared to SAHA (1) in the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine production. Compound 9 also caused a marked reduction in carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in a rat model. Taken together, these data indicated that 1-arylsulfonyl-5-(N-hydroxyacrylamide)indolines HDAC inhibitors exhibit potent anti-inflammatory activity. HDAC inhibitors suppress cytokine in vitro and in vivo: A panel of HDAC inhibitors was developed and evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity, which has not been well studied previously. Compound 1 was more potent than SAHA in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that 1 is a novel agent for the treatment of inflammation-associated diseases.