以 BMI 分層比較台灣腎臟移植術後患者體組成、飲食營養素攝取量及飲食建議量達成率

Obesity is a common complication in renal transplantation recipients (RTRs). Poor adherence to dietary recommendations may increase obesity risk. In this cross-sectional study, 79 RTRs were divided into underweight and normal group [body mass index (BMI) < 24 kg/m²] and overweight and obese group (BMI 24 kg/m²), based on Taiwan BMI classification. Clinical data and 3-day dietary records were collected. Overweight and obesity group had significant higher high sensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP) (7.3 ± 17.2；3.3 ± 4.9 mg/L), triglyceride (TG) (172.4 ± 139.9；137.4 ± 101.9 mg/ dl) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (3.3 ± 7.3；1.3 ± 0.6), body fat percentage (29.6 ± 5.6；24.0 ± 7.3%) and lower muscle mass percentage (27.3 ± 3.8；28.5 ± 4.1%). Nutrients recommendations were according to Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) and dietary guidelines for RTRs from Dietitian Association Australia (DAA). Half of RTRs calorie intake met DRIs (53.8% and 57.5%). Only 10.3% and 2.5% of RTRs met DRIs protein intake, however 92.3% and 80.0% reach DAA protein intake adjusted bodyweight. A small proportion of subjects (5.1% and 20.0%) reach DAA fat intake percentage. Regarding to vitamins and minerals, only vitamin A, B₁₂ in both and vitamin B₁ in overweight and obese group met DRIs. In conclusion, low muscle mass percentage and high body fat percentage, hs-CRP, TG and HOMA-IR were observed in overweight and obesity group. Most RTRs consumed inadequate calorie, carbohydrate, vitamins and minerals, but excessive fat and protein with recommendations. Further nutritional assessment and management for RTRs to reduce comorbidity risk was warranted.